A 'trait' or 'disorder' determined by a gene on the X chromosome demonstrates X-linked inheritance. There are at least 533 disorders due to the involvement of the genes on the X chromosome. This is because of the use of the intravenous infusion of factor VIII concentrate, home infusion programs, prophylactic treatment, and improved patient education.The X chromosome contains 867 identified genes most of these genes are responsible for the development of tissues like bone, neural, blood, hepatic, renal, retina, ears, ear, cardiac, skin, and teeth. Individuals who have hemophilia A and B are living much longer and with less disability than they did 30 years ago. The hope is that there will be a genetic cure for hemophilia in the future. Researchers continue to evaluate the long-term safety of gene therapies. Research of gene therapy for hemophilia A is now taking place. Researchers have been working to develop a gene replacement treatment (gene therapy) for Hemophilia A. An ice pack can be used when there are small areas of bleeding under the skin. When a person who has hemophilia has a small cut or scrape, using pressure and a bandage will take care of the wound. In this situation, the individual may be given an artificial joint. Sometimes the bleeding into joints damages them or destroys them. Physical therapy helps to keep the joints moving and prevents the joints from becoming frozen or badly deformed. When bleeding has damaged joints, physical therapy is used to help them function better. Repeated infusions may be necessary if the internal bleeding is serious. If the potential for bleeding is serious, a doctor may give infusions of clotting factor to avoid bleeding (preventive infusions) before the bleeding begins. People who have moderate to severe hemophilia A or B may need to have an infusion of clotting factor taken from donated human blood or from genetically engineered products called recombinant clotting factors to stop the bleeding. Sometimes, DDAVP is given as a medication that can be breathed in through the nose (nasal spray). DDAVP helps to release more clotting factor to stop the bleeding. Treatment may involve slow injection of a medicine called desmopressin (DDAVP) by the doctor into one of the veins. Treatment depends on the severity of hemophilia. There is currently no cure for hemophilia. Individuals with mild hemophilia may not be diagnosed until later in life. If they are not treated they may have longer bleeding when they have surgery, teeth removed or major injuries. Individuals who have mild hemophilia do not have spontaneous bleeding. They are usually diagnosed before they reach five or six years. People who have moderate hemophilia do not usually have spontaneous bleeding, but they do have longer bleeding and oozing after small injuries. Individuals who have severe hemophilia are usually diagnosed within the first year of life. Painful bleeding into the soft tissues of the arms and legs can lead to nerve damage. These types of bleeding can lead to throwing up blood or passing blood in the stool, stroke, and sudden severe pain in the joints or limbs. Other serious sites of bleeding include the bowel, the brain and soft tissues. In both severe hemophilia A and severe hemophilia B, the most frequent symptom is spontaneous joint bleeding. Symptoms of hemophilia include prolonged oozing after injuries, tooth extractions or surgery renewed bleeding after initial bleeding has stopped easy or spontaneous bruising and prolonged bleeding. Hemophilia B is less common, and it affects 1 in 20,000 to 34,500 males worldwide. One in 5,000 to 10,000 males worldwide have hemophilia A. Hemophilia A is the most common type of this condition. Mutations in either gene keep clots from forming when there is an injury, causing too much bleeding that can be difficult to stop. Proteins made by these genes have an important role in the blood clotting process. Mutations in the FIX gene cause hemophilia B. Mutations in the FVIII gene cause hemophilia A. The two types of hemophilia are caused by permanent gene changes (mutations) in different genes. People who have hemophilia B have low levels of factor nine (FIX). People who have hemophilia A have low levels of a blood clotting factor called factor eight (FVIII). The two most common types of hemophilia are hemophilia A (also known as classic hemophilia) and hemophilia B (also known as Christmas disease). Hemophilia occurs more commonly in males than in females. People who have severe hemophilia have spontaneous bleeding into the joints and muscles. People who have hemophilia often have longer bleeding after an injury or surgery.
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